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如何選擇電解設備？之電解處理去除鍍液金屬雜質方法？

　　電鍍廠如何選擇電鍍電解設備?電解設備的選擇一定要注意企業的制造實力，經驗是否豐富和售后服務是否進跟及時到位。東莞振遠科技19年專注電鍍設備解決方案制造商，經驗豐富，提供整廠方案設計，設備制造，施工安裝，售后服務一站式服務。

　　一、電解設備中電解條(tiao)件的(de)抉擇
    電(dian)(dian)解(jie)目(mu)的(de)(de)是要去(qu)除(chu)鍍(du)液中的(de)(de)雜(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)，然而在電(dian)(dian)解(jie)去(qu)除(chu)雜(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)同時(shi)，往往也有溶(rong)(rong)液中金屬(shu)離(li)子的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)堆(dui)積。為(wei)了達(da)到去(qu)除(chu)雜(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)速率(lv)，減慢溶(rong)(rong)液中有些金屬(shu)離(li)子的(de)(de)堆(dui)積速率(lv)，就要注(zhu)意電(dian)(dian)解(jie)解(jie)決的(de)(de)操作條(tiao)件。

　　1、溫(wen)度(du)和pH值：電(dian)解(jie)時(shi)溫(wen)度(du)和pH的(de)(de)(de)抉擇，準(zhun)則上(shang)(shang)也(ye)是要依(yi)據電(dian)鍍時(shi)雜(za)質(zhi)起(qi)不(bu)良影(ying)響較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)和pH范(fan)疇。例如(ru)鍍鎳(nie)溶液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)銅雜(za)質(zhi)和NO3-雜(za)質(zhi)，在(zai)(zai)pH較(jiao)低時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響較(jiao)大，所以電(dian)解(jie)去(qu)除鍍鎳(nie)溶液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)銅雜(za)質(zhi)和NO3-雜(za)質(zhi)時(shi)，應選用(yong)(yong)低pH停止電(dian)解(jie)，在(zai)(zai)這樣的(de)(de)(de)條件下，去(qu)除雜(za)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)速率(lv)較(jiao)快。有些雜(za)質(zhi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)解(jie)進程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)合(he)成(cheng)為(wei)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(如(ru)NO3-在(zai)(zai)陰極(ji)上(shang)(shang)復原為(wei)氮(dan)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)物或(huo)氨，Cl-在(zai)(zai)陽極(ji)上(shang)(shang)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)為(wei)Cl2，等，這時(shi)就應選用(yong)(yong)低溫(wen)電(dian)解(jie)，使電(dian)解(jie)進程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)揮(hui)發逸(yi)出(氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)在(zai)(zai)溶液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)溶解(jie)度(du)，個(ge)別(bie)隨溫(wen)度(du)降低而(er)(er)(er)升高)，從(cong)而(er)(er)(er)避免它溶解(jie)于水而(er)(er)(er)從(cong)新沾污鍍液。

    依(yi)照個別規律(lv)，隨著鍍(du)液溫度的降低，電(dian)解(jie)去(qu)除雜(za)質(zhi)的速率也增(zeng)大(da)，所以(yi)當加(jia)溫對鍍(du)液其(qi)中成分沒有影響時，電(dian)解(jie)宜(yi)在加(jia)溫下停止(zhi)。但到底在什(shen)么溫度為好，可以(yi)通過小實驗確定(ding)

　　2、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解時，多大的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)會更(geng)好，準則(ze)上要依照電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)時雜(za)(za)質(zhi)起不良影(ying)響的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)范(fan)疇。也就是說，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)進(jin)程中(zhong)(zhong)，若雜(za)(za)質(zhi)的影(ying)響反(fan)映(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)區，那(nei)么電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解時應(ying)管(guan)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)下進(jin)行，倘若雜(za)(za)質(zhi)的影(ying)響反(fan)映(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)區，則(ze)應(ying)選用高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解；假如(ru)雜(za)(za)質(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)區和低(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)區都有影(ying)響，那(nei)么可先用高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解一段(duan)工(gong)夫，而后再改用低(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解，直至鍍(du)液恢復正(zheng)常。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)個(ge)別狀(zhuang)況(kuang)下，但凡(fan)用低(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解可以去除的雜(za)(za)質(zhi)，為(wei)了增加鍍(du)液中(zhong)(zhong)一些放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)金屬(shu)離子的堆積，個(ge)別都采用低(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解。現實上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)時，大多數雜(za)(za)質(zhi)的影(ying)響反(fan)映(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)區，所以通常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)管(guan)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)0.1A／dm2～0.5A／dm2之(zhi)間。

　　3、攪拌：電(dian)解既然是依靠(kao)雜(za)(za)質在陰極(或陽極)的外表(biao)(biao)上反饋而被除去，那么就應供應條件，使(shi)雜(za)(za)質與(yu)電(dian)極外表(biao)(biao)有充沛的接觸時機。攪拌可(ke)以加快(kuai)雜(za)(za)質運轉，使(shi)它與(yu)電(dian)極的接觸時機增多，提高處(chu)理(li)效果，電(dian)解時應攪拌鍍液。 ;

　二、電鍍(du)電解的要(yao)求

    1、首先要查(cha)(cha)明(ming)雜(za)(za)質(zhi)能否起源于(yu)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)過程：電(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)可(ke)以去除(chu)某(mou)些雜(za)(za)質(zhi)，但有(you)時也會發生雜(za)(za)質(zhi)。例如(ru)有(you)害雜(za)(za)質(zhi)起源于(yu)不(bu)純的(de)陽(yang)極(ji)，電(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時仍用這(zhe)種陽(yang)極(ji)，那(nei)么(me)隨著電(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)進行時，雜(za)(za)質(zhi)會越積越多；又(you)如(ru)雜(za)(za)質(zhi)起源于(yu)某(mou)些化合物(wu)在(zai)電(dian)極(ji)上的(de)分(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，那(nei)么(me)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)將使這(zhe)類分(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)產(chan)物(wu)逐步(bu)增多。這(zhe)樣的(de)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，不(bu)能凈化鍍(du)液，反而(er)會不(bu)時加重鍍(du)液的(de)污染(ran)。因而(er)，在(zai)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)處理前，要先的(de)查(cha)(cha)看(kan)，預防處理中產(chan)生有(you)害雜(za)(za)質(zhi)。

    2、 電(dian)解用的(de)(de)陰(yin)極(假陰(yin)極)面積要盡能夠大：用電(dian)解法(fa)去(qu)除雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)，大多是(shi)在陰(yin)極外表上進行的(de)(de)，所以增大陰(yin)極面積，可(ke)(ke)以進步(bu)去(qu)除雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)效率(lv),同時為了在不同的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)密(mi)度部位電(dian)解去(qu)除鍍液中(zhong)不同雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)或同一種(zhong)雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)，要求電(dian)解用的(de)(de)陰(yin)極做成(cheng)凹(ao)凸的(de)(de)外表，這樣(yang)可(ke)(ke)以進步(bu)電(dian)解的(de)(de)效果。但陰(yin)極上的(de)(de)凹(ao)處不宜(yi)太(tai)深，以避(bi)免電(dian)流(liu)密(mi)渡過小而使雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)不能在這些部位堆積或復原。

    3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)解進程中(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)定時(shi)刷洗(xi)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)：因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)解的(de)時(shi)間一般都比擬長，長時(shi)間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解進程中(zhong)(zhong)，陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)上(shang)能(neng)夠會發生蓬松的(de)堆積(ji)物，它的(de)零落會從(cong)新(xin)沾污鍍液，所(suo)以在電(dian)(dian)(dian)解一段工夫后，應將陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)取出刷洗(xi)，把陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)上(shang)蓬松或不(bu)良的(de)堆積(ji)物刷去后再持(chi)續(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解。

    4、電(dian)解解決前(qian)，先做小實驗預計一下電(dian)解的效果和時間：有(you)些雜質，用電(dian)解很難除去，若一味地采用電(dian)解處(chu)理(li)，可能(neng)花了很長(chang)工(gong)夫也不能(neng)使鍍液恢復正常。

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